{"id":386,"date":"2022-06-11T08:22:25","date_gmt":"2022-06-11T08:22:25","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.eyuboglu.av.tr\/?p=386"},"modified":"2022-11-30T10:33:06","modified_gmt":"2022-11-30T10:33:06","slug":"taninmis-marka-kavramlari","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.eyuboglu.av.tr\/en\/taninmis-marka-kavramlari\/","title":{"rendered":"Tan\u0131nm\u0131\u015f Marka Kavramlar\u0131"},"content":{"rendered":"

TANINMI\u015e MARKA KAVRAMI, T\u00dcRK\u0130YE\u2019DE VE YURTDI\u015eINDA TANINMI\u015e MARKA UYGULAMALARI<\/h3>\n
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Marka tescili, marka uygulamalar ve markan\u0131n tan\u0131nm\u0131\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u00f6nemli bir kavram olarak y\u0131llard\u0131r tart\u0131\u015f\u0131lmaktad\u0131r. Bug\u00fcn \u00fclkemizde y\u00fcr\u00fcrl\u00fckte olan ulusal ve uluslararas\u0131 mevzuat kapsam\u0131nda tan\u0131nm\u0131\u015f markalarla ilgili h\u00fck\u00fcmler s\u0131k\u00e7a tart\u0131\u015f\u0131lmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n

\u00d6zellikle Paris S\u00f6zle\u015fmesi ve bu S\u00f6zle\u015fme ile benimsenen h\u00fck\u00fcmleri yorumlay\u0131p geni\u015fleten D\u00fcnya Ticaret \u00d6rg\u00fct\u00fc (DT\u00d6) Kurulu\u015f Anla\u015fmas\u0131n\u0131n eki Ticaretle Ba\u011flant\u0131l\u0131 Fikri M\u00fclkiyet Haklar\u0131 Anla\u015fmas\u0131 (TRIPS), fikri ve s\u0131nai haklarla ilgili \u00fclkelerin uygulamalar\u0131nda uyulmas\u0131 gereken kurallar\u0131 h\u00fckme ba\u011flam\u0131\u015f ve ayr\u0131ca \u00fclkelere yapt\u0131r\u0131m uygulanmas\u0131 yollar\u0131n\u0131 getirmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n

Tan\u0131nm\u0131\u015f marka kavram\u0131, hem Paris S\u00f6zle\u015fmesi hem de TRIPS Anla\u015fmas\u0131 h\u00fck\u00fcmleri i\u00e7inde yer almaktad\u0131r. Bu konuda ayr\u0131ca WIPO\u2019nun benimsedi\u011fi ilkeler de bir\u00e7ok \u00fclke taraf\u0131ndan uygulanmaktad\u0131r. Bug\u00fcn T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de hem 556 Say\u0131l\u0131 KHK h\u00fck\u00fcmleri kapsam\u0131nda, hem de T\u00fcrk Patent Enstit\u00fcs\u00fc\u2019n\u00fcn uygulamalar\u0131 ile, tan\u0131nm\u0131\u015f marka kavram\u0131 yeni bir boyut kazanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Bu bildiride;
\n-Tan\u0131nm\u0131\u015f marka tan\u0131m\u0131 ve t\u00fcrleri (me\u015fhur marka, iyi bilinen marka, itibarl\u0131 marka),
\n-Tan\u0131nm\u0131\u015f markalara \u00f6rnekler,
\n-Paris S\u00f6zle\u015fmesi ve DT\u00d6-TR\u0130PS Anla\u015fmas\u0131 kapsam\u0131nda tan\u0131nm\u0131\u015f marka,
\n-DT\u00d6 Anla\u015fmas\u0131 kapsam\u0131nda tan\u0131nm\u0131\u015f marka,
\n-556 Say\u0131l\u0131 KHK kapsam\u0131nda tan\u0131nm\u0131\u015f marka,
\n-T\u00fcrk Patent Enstit\u00fcs\u00fc\u2019n\u00fcn tan\u0131nm\u0131\u015f marka uygulamalar\u0131,
\n-Tan\u0131nm\u0131\u015f marka olman\u0131n genel kriterleri ve yap\u0131lmas\u0131 gerekenler,
\n-Yarg\u0131tay kararlar\u0131 \u0131\u015f\u0131\u011f\u0131nda tan\u0131nm\u0131\u015f marka
\ntart\u0131\u015f\u0131lacakt\u0131r.<\/p>\n

1. Tan\u0131nm\u0131\u015f Marka Tan\u0131m\u0131, T\u00fcrleri (Me\u015fhur Marka, \u0130yi Bilinen Marka, \u0130tibarl\u0131 Marka) ve \u00d6rnekler<\/h4>\n

Tan\u0131nm\u0131\u015f marka, Yarg\u0131tay Kararlar\u0131nda da belirtildi\u011fi gibi \u201cbir \u015fahsa veya te\u015febb\u00fcse s\u0131k\u0131 bir \u015fekilde matufiyet, garanti, kalite, kuvvetli reklam, yayg\u0131n bir da\u011f\u0131t\u0131m sistemine ba\u011fl\u0131, m\u00fc\u015fteri, akraba, dost, d\u00fc\u015fman ay\u0131r\u0131m\u0131 yap\u0131lmadan co\u011frafi s\u0131n\u0131r, k\u00fclt\u00fcr, ya\u015f fark\u0131 g\u00f6zetilmeksizin ayn\u0131 \u00e7evredeki insanlar taraf\u0131ndan reflex halinde ortaya \u00e7\u0131kan bir \u00e7a\u011fr\u0131\u015f\u0131m\u201d olarak tan\u0131mlanabilir.<\/p>\n

Tan\u0131nm\u0131\u015f Markalar;
\n\u2013 \u0130yi bilinen markalar (Well-Kown Trademark)
\n\u2013 Me\u015fhur markalar (Famous Trademark)
\n\u2013 \u0130tibarl\u0131 markalar (Repute Trademark)
\nolarak 3 gurupta de\u011ferlendirilebilir.<\/p>\n

\u0130yi bilinen markalar, gerek kalitesi, gerekse da\u011f\u0131t\u0131m a\u011f\u0131, pazara yay\u0131lm\u0131\u015f olmas\u0131, di\u011fer hizmetlerinin d\u00fczeni gibi bak\u0131mlardan hap ayn\u0131 standard\u0131 koruyan markalard\u0131r. Buna \u00f6rnek olarak AR\u00c7EL\u0130K, IBM, LACOSTE gibi markalar g\u00f6sterilebilir.<\/p>\n

Me\u015fhur markalar, heryerde her zaman bulunabilen markalard\u0131r. Bunlara \u00f6rnek olarak \u00dcLKER, COCACOLA gibi markalar g\u00f6sterilebilir.<\/p>\n

\u0130tibarl\u0131 markalar ise, \u00e7ok iyi bilinmekle beraber herkesin kolayca sat\u0131n alamayaca\u011f\u0131 markalard\u0131r. Bunlara \u00f6rnek olarak ROLLCE-ROYCE, FERRAR\u0130 gibi markalar g\u00f6sterilebilir.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

2. Paris S\u00f6zle\u015fmesi ve DT\u00d6-TR\u0130PS Anla\u015fmas\u0131 kapsam\u0131nda tan\u0131nm\u0131\u015f marka<\/h4>\n

Tan\u0131nm\u0131\u015f marka kavram\u0131 ilk kez Paris S\u00f6zle\u015fmesinin 1925 y\u0131l\u0131nda imzalanan La Haye metninde yer alm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Paris S\u00f6zle\u015fmesinin La Haye\u2019de kabul edilen 6 nc\u0131 maddesinde \u201cBirlik \u00fclkeleri, tescilin talep edildi\u011fi \u00fclkenin yetkili makamlar\u0131 taraf\u0131ndan s\u00f6z konusu \u00fclkede bu anla\u015fmadan yararlanaca\u011f\u0131 kabul olunan bir \u015fahsa ait oldu\u011fu ayn\u0131 veya benzer \u00fcr\u00fcnlerde kullan\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 herkes taraf\u0131ndan bilindi\u011fi m\u00fctalaa edilen bir markan\u0131n kar\u0131\u015f\u0131kl\u0131\u011fa meydan verebilecek surette \u00f6rne\u011fini, taklidini veya terc\u00fcmesini yapan bir fabrika veya ticaret markas\u0131n\u0131n tescilini gerek mevzuat\u0131 m\u00fcsait oldu\u011fu taktirde do\u011frudan do\u011fruya gerekse ilgilinin iste\u011fi \u00fczerine ret veya h\u00fck\u00fcms\u00fcz k\u0131lmay\u0131 taahh\u00fct eder\u201d h\u00fckm\u00fc yer alm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bu h\u00fckme g\u00f6re kendi \u00fclkesinde tan\u0131nm\u0131\u015f olan bir marka, ba\u015fka bir \u00fclkede kullan\u0131lmasa dahi biliniyor ise ba\u015fkalar\u0131 ad\u0131na \u201cayn\u0131 veya benzer \u00fcr\u00fcnler\u201d i\u00e7in tescil edilemeyecektir.<\/p>\n

1 Ocak 1995 tarihinde y\u00fcr\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011fe giren D\u00fcnya Ticaret \u00d6rg\u00fct\u00fc Kurulu\u015f Anla\u015fmas\u0131 eki TR\u0130PS Anla\u015fmas\u0131\u2019n\u0131n 16 nc\u0131 maddesinin 3 \u00fcnc\u00fc paragraf\u0131 \u201cParis S\u00f6zle\u015fmesi\u2019nin (1967) 6\u2019nc\u0131 m\u00fckerrer Maddesi, markan\u0131n tescil edildi\u011fi mal veya hizmetlere benzemeyen mal veya hizmetlere de, gerekli de\u011fi\u015fiklikler yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015f olarak uygulanacakt\u0131r, ancak \u015fu ko\u015fulla ki, markan\u0131n bu mal veya hizmetlerle ilgili kullan\u0131m\u0131, bu mal veya hizmetlerle tescilli markan\u0131n sahibi aras\u0131nda bir ba\u011flant\u0131 oldu\u011funu g\u00f6stermeli ve bu kullan\u0131m \u015fekli nedeniyle tescilli ticari marka sahibinin menfaatlerinin zarar g\u00f6rme olas\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 mevcut olmal\u0131d\u0131r.\u201d h\u00fckm\u00fcn\u00fc getirerek, Paris S\u00f6zle\u015fmesindeki \u201cayn\u0131 veya benzer \u00fcr\u00fcnler\u201d kavram\u0131n\u0131n, farkl\u0131 mal veya hizmetlere uygulanmas\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flayarak geni\u015fletmi\u015ftir. TRIPS Anla\u015fmas\u0131n\u0131n ayn\u0131 maddesinin 2 nci paragaf\u0131ndaki \u201cParis S\u00f6zle\u015fmesi\u2019nin (1967) 6\u2019nc\u0131 m\u00fckerrer Maddesi, gerekli de\u011fi\u015fiklikler yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015f olarak, hizmetlere de uygulanacakt\u0131r. \u00dcyeler bir markan\u0131n tan\u0131nm\u0131\u015f olup olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 tesbit ederken, markan\u0131n promosyonu sonucunda kazan\u0131lan herkes\u00e7e bilinme durumunu dikkate alacaklard\u0131r.\u201d H\u00fck\u00fcm ile promosyon yolu ile sa\u011flanan yani \u00e7ok k\u0131sa zamanda sa\u011flanan tan\u0131nm\u0131\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131n da dikkate al\u0131nmas\u0131, tan\u0131nm\u0131\u015fl\u0131k i\u00e7in uzun bir s\u00fcre aranmamas\u0131 gerekti\u011fi h\u00fckme ba\u011flanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n

3. 556 Say\u0131l\u0131 KHK Kapsam\u0131nda Tan\u0131nm\u0131\u015f Marka<\/h4>\n

\u00dclkemizde markalar\u0131n korunmas\u0131 hakk\u0131ndaki 556 Say\u0131l\u0131 KHK\u2019nin \u201cmutlak red nedenleri\u201d ba\u015fl\u0131kl\u0131 7 inci maddesinin birinci f\u0131kras\u0131n\u0131n (\u0131) bendi; \u201csahibi taraf\u0131ndan izin verilmeyen Paris S\u00f6zle\u015fmesi\u2019nin 1 inci m\u00fckerrer 6 nc\u0131 maddesine g\u00f6re tan\u0131nm\u0131\u015f markalar\u201d\u0131n mutlak red nedeni olarak red edilece\u011fi h\u00fckm\u00fcn\u00fc amirdir.<\/p>\n

Ayn\u0131 KHK\u2019nin \u201cred i\u00e7in mutlak nedenler\u201d ba\u015fl\u0131kl\u0131 8 inci maddesinin 4 \u00fcnc\u00fc f\u0131kras\u0131 ise; \u201cmarka, tescil edilmi\u015f veya tescil i\u00e7in ba\u015fvurusu daha \u00f6nce yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015f bir markan\u0131n ayn\u0131 veya benzeri olmakla birlikte, farkl\u0131 mallar veya hizmetlerde kullan\u0131labilir. Ancak, tescil edilmi\u015f veya tescil i\u00e7in ba\u015fvurusu yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015f markan\u0131n, toplumda ula\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131 tan\u0131nm\u0131\u015fl\u0131k d\u00fczeyi nedeniyle haks\u0131z bir yarar\u0131n sa\u011flanabilece\u011fi, markan\u0131n itibar\u0131na zarar verebilece\u011fi veya tescil i\u00e7in ba\u015fvurusu yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015f markan\u0131n ay\u0131rt edici karakterini zedeleyici sonu\u00e7lar do\u011furabilece\u011fi durumda, tescil edilmi\u015f veya tescil i\u00e7in ba\u015fvurusu daha \u00f6nce yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015f bir marka sahibinin itiraz\u0131 \u00fczerine, farkl\u0131 mal veya hizmetlerde kullan\u0131lacak olsa bile, sonraki markan\u0131n tescil ba\u015fvurusu red edilir.<\/p>\n

Her iki madde birarada de\u011ferlendirildi\u011finde; tan\u0131nm\u0131\u015f marka ile ilgili olarak red i\u015fleminin TPE\u2019nin resen mi yapmas\u0131 gerekti\u011fi, yoksa tan\u0131nm\u0131\u015f marka sahibinin itiraz\u0131 \u00fczerine mi itiraz\u0131 de\u011ferlendirip red karar\u0131n\u0131 verebilece\u011fi tart\u0131\u015f\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n

4. T\u00fcrk Patent Enstit\u00fcs\u00fc\u2019n\u00fcn Tan\u0131nm\u0131\u015f Marka Uygulamalar\u0131<\/h4>\n

T\u00fcrk Patent Enstit\u00fcs\u00fc\u2019n\u00fcn tan\u0131nm\u0131\u015f markalar ile ilgili uygulamalar\u0131n\u0131;
\n-1995 \u00f6ncesi (551 Say\u0131l\u0131 Kanun D\u00f6nemi),
\n-1995 sonras\u0131 (556 Say\u0131l\u0131 KHK d\u00f6nemi), ve
\n-2004 sonras\u0131 (5000 Say\u0131l\u0131 Kanun ile yap\u0131lan de\u011fi\u015fiklik sonras\u0131 d\u00f6nem)
\nolarak 3 b\u00f6l\u00fcmde de\u011ferlendirmek gerekir.<\/p>\n

1995 \u00f6ncesi d\u00f6nem 551 Say\u0131l\u0131 Kanunun y\u00fcr\u00fcrl\u00fckte oldu\u011fu d\u00f6nemdir. Bu d\u00f6nem ayr\u0131ca (son y\u0131l hari\u00e7) T\u00fcrk Patent Enstit\u00fcs\u00fcn\u00fcn \u00f6ncesi s\u0131nai m\u00fclkiyet haklar\u0131 ile ilgili i\u015flemleri y\u00fcr\u00fcten Sanayi ve Ticaret Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 S\u0131nai M\u00fclkiyet Dairsi Ba\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 d\u00f6nemidir. 1995 \u00f6ncesinde tan\u0131nm\u0131\u015f markalar, ya Mahkeme karar\u0131 al\u0131narak S\u0131nai M\u00fclkiyet Dairesi Ba\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131na bildirilerek, ya da resen S\u0131nai M\u00fclkiyet Dairesi taraf\u0131ndan belirleniyor idi. Bu \u015fekilde belirlenen tan\u0131nm\u0131\u015f markalar\u0131n ayn\u0131 ya da benzeri marka ba\u015fvurular\u0131 hangi s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131 kaps\u0131yorsa kapsas\u0131n reddediliyordu.<\/p>\n

TPE\u2019nin 1994 y\u0131l\u0131nda kurulmas\u0131 ve 1995 y\u0131l\u0131nda 556 Say\u0131l\u0131 KHK\u2019nin y\u00fcr\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011fe girmesi sonras\u0131nda TPE, baz\u0131 kriterler belirleyerek tan\u0131nm\u0131\u015f marka ba\u015fvurular\u0131n\u0131 de\u011ferlendirmeye ba\u015flam\u0131\u015f, bu \u015fekilde belirlenen markalar ile resen belirlenen ve ayr\u0131ca Mahkeme kararlar\u0131 ile tan\u0131nm\u0131\u015f kabul edilen t\u00fcm markalar\u0131 1997 y\u0131l\u0131nda \u00d6zel Say\u0131 yay\u0131nlayarak \u201cTan\u0131nm\u0131\u015f Marka\u201d B\u00fclteninde yay\u0131nlanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n

T\u00fcrk Patent Enstit\u00fcs\u00fc, belirlemi\u015f oldu\u011fu;
\n-Kendinden ba\u015fka herhangi bir mal veya hizmet i\u00e7in tescilli bulunmayan,
\n-Mal veya hizmet ile \u00f6zde\u015fle\u015fmi\u015f olan,
\n-Herkes\u00e7e iyi bilindi\u011fi m\u00fctalaa olunan,
\n-Tan\u0131nm\u0131\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 promosyon yoluyla kazanm\u0131\u015f olan,
\n-Yayg\u0131n bir da\u011f\u0131t\u0131m sistemi sayesinde \u00e7ok de\u011fi\u015fik alanlara ula\u015fabilir olan,
\n-Bir sahsa veya m\u00fcesseseye s\u0131k\u0131 s\u0131k\u0131ya ba\u011fl\u0131 olan,
\nkriterlerden en az ikisine haiz markalar\u0131n tan\u0131nm\u0131\u015f marka olmas\u0131 kriterlerini, 1996 y\u0131l\u0131nda Cenevre\u2019de toplanan 2. Tan\u0131nm\u0131\u015f Markalar Uzmanlar Komitesinde, Komiteye \u00f6neri olarak sunmu\u015ftur (WIPO dok\u00fcman \/ WKM \/ CM II &#8211; ve 3)<\/p>\n

TPE\u2019nin Tan\u0131nm\u0131\u015f Marka B\u00fclteni\u2019ni yay\u0131nlanmas\u0131n\u0131n ana amac\u0131, TPE taraf\u0131ndan tan\u0131nm\u0131\u015f kabul edilen markalar\u0131n kamu taraf\u0131ndan bilinmesini sa\u011flamakt\u0131r.<\/p>\n

TPE 1999 y\u0131l\u0131ndan itibaren tan\u0131nm\u0131\u015f marka ile ilgili faaliyetlerde t\u00fcm\u00fcyle sessiz kalm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. En son 18 Kas\u0131m 2004 tarihinde y\u00fcr\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011fe giren 5000 Say\u0131l\u0131 Kanunun 13 \u00fcnc\u00fc maddesinin (d) bendi ile kendisine verilen g\u00f6rev (ki bu g\u00f6rev zaten daha \u00f6nce verilmi\u015fti) tan\u0131nm\u0131\u015f marka uygulamalar\u0131nda harekete ge\u00e7mi\u015ftir. 2005 y\u0131l\u0131nda TPE internet sitesinde yap\u0131lan duyuru ile, MARKALARIN TANINMI\u015eLIK D\u00dcZEYLER\u0130 \u0130LE \u0130LG\u0130L\u0130 ESASLAR VE UYGULAMASI\u201dn\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131klam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Bu a\u00e7\u0131klamaya g\u00f6re T\u00fcrk Patent Enstit\u00fcs\u00fc Markalar Dairesi Ba\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131, \u201c\u0130lgili mevzuat h\u00fck\u00fcmlerine g\u00f6re, markalar\u0131n tan\u0131nm\u0131\u015fl\u0131k d\u00fczeyleri ile ilgili esaslar\u0131n belirlenmesi ve uygulamaya konulmas\u0131 i\u015flemlerini yapmak\u201d ile de g\u00f6revlendirilmi\u015ftir. Duyuruda ayr\u0131ca 556 say\u0131l\u0131 Markalar\u0131n Korunmas\u0131 Hakk\u0131nda Kanun H\u00fckm\u00fcnde Kararname madde 47 ve 48 uyar\u0131nca t\u00fcm Enstit\u00fc kararlar\u0131na kar\u015f\u0131, bu karardan zarar g\u00f6ren ki\u015filerin, Enstit\u00fc nezdinde itiraz edebilece\u011fi h\u00fckm\u00fcne dayan\u0131larak Markalar\u0131n Tan\u0131nm\u0131\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131na ili\u015fkin karar\u0131n da itiraza a\u00e7\u0131k oldu\u011fu belirtilmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n

Markalar Dairesi Ba\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131\u2019n\u0131n, markan\u0131n halk taraf\u0131ndan tan\u0131nm\u0131\u015fl\u0131k d\u00fczeyini, markan\u0131n herkes taraf\u0131ndan bilinirli\u011fini, markan\u0131n, mal\u0131n potansiyel ve fiili kullan\u0131c\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131n da \u00f6tesinde ula\u015fm\u0131\u015f oldu\u011fu genel tan\u0131nm\u0131\u015fl\u0131k d\u00fczeyini hangi kriterlere g\u00f6re de\u011ferlendirece\u011fi de belirtilmi\u015ftir. Belirlenen kriterler \u015funlard\u0131r:<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

1- Markan\u0131n tescilinin ve kullan\u0131m\u0131n\u0131n s\u00fcresi (markan\u0131n tarih\u00e7esi hakk\u0131nda ayr\u0131nt\u0131l\u0131 bilgi),
\n2- Markan\u0131n tescilinin ve kullan\u0131m\u0131n\u0131n yay\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 co\u011frafi alan ve kapsam. (Yurt i\u00e7i ve yurt d\u0131\u015f\u0131 tesciller nelerdir?)
\n3- Markan\u0131n \u00fczerinde kullan\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 mal ve\/veya hizmetin piyasadaki yayg\u0131nl\u0131\u011f\u0131, pazar pay\u0131, y\u0131ll\u0131k sat\u0131\u015f miktar\u0131 nedir?
\n4- Markaya ili\u015fkin promosyon \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131n\u0131n (\u00f6zellikle de T\u00fcrkiye\u2019deki promosyon \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131n\u0131n) \u00f6zellikleri nelerdir? (Promosyonun s\u00fcresi, devaml\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131, yay\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 co\u011frafi alan, kapsam, promosyona harcanan para, promosyonun niteli\u011fi (TV reklam\u0131, yerel gazete ilan\u0131, sadece \u00e7ocuk sahiplerine y\u00f6nelik yap\u0131lan tan\u0131t\u0131m vs.)
\n5- Reklam niteli\u011finde olmayan ancak markan\u0131n tan\u0131t\u0131m\u0131na faydal\u0131 olabilecek nitelikte faaliyetler var m\u0131d\u0131r? (Gazete, dergi, TV vb. medya organlar\u0131ndaki yay\u0131nlar, markal\u0131 \u00fcr\u00fcnlerin fuarlarda te\u015fhiri vb.)
\n6- Markan\u0131n tan\u0131nm\u0131\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6steren bir mahkeme karar\u0131 var m\u0131d\u0131r veya marka sahibinin markas\u0131n\u0131 koruma yolundaki etkin \u00e7abalar\u0131 nelerdir? (Tan\u0131nm\u0131\u015fl\u0131k karar\u0131 d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda, verilmi\u015f mahkeme kararlar\u0131, halen devam etmekte olan marka, haks\u0131z rekabet davalar\u0131, \u0130tiraz say\u0131lar\u0131 vb.)
\n7- Marka ne derece orijinaldir, markan\u0131n ay\u0131rt edicilik niteli\u011fi nedir?
\n8- Markan\u0131n tan\u0131nm\u0131\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131na ili\u015fkin yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015f kamuoyu ara\u015ft\u0131rmalar\u0131 varsa bunlar\u0131n sonu\u00e7lar\u0131.
\n9- Markan\u0131n sahibi firmaya ili\u015fkin \u00f6zellikler (firman\u0131n b\u00fcy\u00fckl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc, \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan say\u0131s\u0131, \u00f6denmi\u015f sermayesi, cirosu, kar\u0131, yurt \u00e7ap\u0131nda ve yurt d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda sahip oldu\u011fu da\u011f\u0131t\u0131m kanallar\u0131: \u015fubeleri, bayilikleri, servis a\u011f\u0131, \u00f6dedi\u011fi vergi, ihra\u00e7 miktarlar\u0131, piyasas\u0131na hakimiyeti vs.),
\n10- Marka \u00fczerinde kullan\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 mal veya hizmetle \u00f6zde\u015fle\u015fiyor mu? Marka kelime veya \u015fekil olarak g\u00f6r\u00fcld\u00fc\u011f\u00fc anda refleks olarak belli bir \u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fc \u00e7a\u011fr\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u0131yor mu? Marka \u00fczerinde kullan\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 mal veya hizmetle ilgili olarak belli bir kaliteye veya stat\u00fcye i\u015faret ediyor mu?
\n11- Markay\u0131 ta\u015f\u0131yan \u00fcr\u00fcne veya marka sahibi firmaya ili\u015fkin olarak al\u0131nm\u0131\u015f belgeler, \u00f6d\u00fcller (TSE, TSEK, ISO vb. kalite belgeleri, kalite \u00f6d\u00fcl\u00fc, \u00e7evre \u00f6d\u00fcl\u00fc, mavi bayrak vs.) var m\u0131?
\n12- Markay\u0131 ta\u015f\u0131yan \u00fcr\u00fcnlerin da\u011f\u0131t\u0131m kanallar\u0131 (marka sahibi firman\u0131n kendine ait da\u011f\u0131t\u0131m kanallar\u0131n\u0131n d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda) ve s\u00f6z konusu \u00fcr\u00fcnlerin ithalat ve ihracat olanaklar\u0131 nelerdir\u2019?
\n13- E\u011fer marka bir sat\u0131\u015fa konu olmu\u015fsa, marka \u00fczerinde k\u0131ymet takdiri yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015fsa markan\u0131n parasal de\u011feri nedir? Markan\u0131n parasal de\u011feri, marka sahibinin y\u0131ll\u0131k bilan\u00e7osunda g\u00f6sterilmi\u015f midir?
\n14- Marka tescillerinin kapsad\u0131\u011f\u0131 mal ve\/veya hizmet portf\u00f6y\u00fcn\u00fcn geni\u015fli\u011fi nedir? (\u00f6rnek: sadece \u201cgazozlar\u201d i\u00e7in tescilli bir marka ile, t\u00fcm elektronik e\u015fyalar\u0131 i\u00e7ine alan bir tescil.)
\n15- Marka halk nezdinde tan\u0131nan bir marka ise bu tan\u0131nm\u0131\u015fl\u0131k d\u00fczeyini ne kadar s\u00fcredir korumaktad\u0131r?
\n16- Markan\u0131n tan\u0131nm\u0131\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan \u00f6t\u00fcr\u00fc, bu niteli\u011fine y\u00f6nelik tecav\u00fcz fiilleri var m\u0131d\u0131r? Marka \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc ki\u015filerce taklit ediliyor mu? (Markaya benzer ba\u015fvurular\u0131n yo\u011funlu\u011fu, markan\u0131n piyasada haks\u0131z yere \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc ki\u015filerce kullan\u0131l\u0131p kullan\u0131lmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 vs.). Marka \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc ki\u015filerce kullan\u0131lmakta ise bu kullan\u0131m, \u015fekil ve \u00fczerinde yay\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 co\u011frafi ve ticari alan itibariyle tan\u0131nm\u0131\u015f marka sahibine zarar veriyor mu?
\n17- Marka, \u00fczerinde kullan\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 mal veya hizmetin niteli\u011fi itibariyle (\u00d6rnek: araba markas\u0131 ile ciklet markas\u0131) veya potansiyel ve fiili kullan\u0131c\u0131 kitlesinin niteli\u011fi itibariyle (doktorlara y\u00f6nelik bir \u00fcr\u00fcn ile \u00e7ocuklara y\u00f6nelik bir \u00fcr\u00fcn markas\u0131) tecav\u00fcze a\u00e7\u0131k m\u0131, de\u011fil mi?
\n18- Yukar\u0131da say\u0131lanlar\u0131n ispat\u0131na y\u00f6nelik olan veya bir markan\u0131n tan\u0131nm\u0131\u015f oldu\u011funun ispat\u0131na y\u00f6nelik her t\u00fcrl\u00fc belge.<\/p>\n

TPE bug\u00fcn i\u00e7in, tan\u0131nm\u0131\u015f marka ba\u015fvurusunda bulunan marka sahiplerinin markalar\u0131n\u0131 ibraz edilen dok\u00fcmanlar\u0131 dikkate alarak bu kriterlere g\u00f6re de\u011ferlendirmektedir. TPE de\u011ferlendirmesinde 2 t\u00fcr tan\u0131nm\u0131\u015fl\u0131k karar\u0131 verilmektedir.<\/p>\n

    \n
  1. a) sekt\u00f6rel tan\u0131nm\u0131\u015fl\u0131k,
    \nb) t\u00fcmden tan\u0131nm\u0131\u015fl\u0131k<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

    Bu iki tan\u0131nm\u0131\u015fl\u0131k t\u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fcn en \u00f6nemli fark\u0131, sekt\u00f6rel tan\u0131nm\u0131\u015fl\u0131kta, tan\u0131nm\u0131\u015f markan\u0131n tescilli oldu\u011fu sekt\u00f6rle (mal\/hizmet s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131 ile) ilgili\/ili\u015fkili sekt\u00f6rlerde (mal\/hizmet s\u0131n\u0131flar\u0131nda) yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015f ayn\u0131 ya da benzer ba\u015fvurular\u0131n resen (mutlak nedenlere g\u00f6re TPE taraf\u0131ndan) veya tan\u0131nm\u0131\u015f olan ya da tan\u0131nm\u0131\u015f oldu\u011funu iddia eden ki\u015filerin itiraz\u0131 \u00fczerine (nisbi nedenlere g\u00f6re) TPE taraf\u0131ndan red edilece\u011fidir. T\u00fcmden tan\u0131nm\u0131\u015f markalar i\u00e7in markan\u0131n tescilli oldu\u011fu s\u0131n\u0131f\/s\u0131n\u0131flar d\u0131\u015f\u0131ndaki s\u0131n\u0131flar\u0131 kapsayan t\u00fcm ayn\u0131 ya da benzer marka ba\u015fvurular\u0131n\u0131n red edilece\u011fi anla\u015f\u0131lmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n

    D\u00fcnyada da tek bi\u00e7im uygulamas\u0131 olmayan bu konuda, TPE\u2019nin uygulamas\u0131n\u0131n ayr\u0131nt\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131n tart\u0131\u015f\u0131lmas\u0131 gerekmemekle birlikte; 1999 y\u0131l\u0131ndan beri tan\u0131nm\u0131\u015f marka uygulamas\u0131 konusundaki kay\u0131ts\u0131zl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 b\u0131rak\u0131p somut kriterleri a\u00e7\u0131klayarak uygulama bi\u00e7imini ortaya koymu\u015f olmas\u0131 nedeni ile TPE\u2019nin bu konuda \u00f6nemli bir ad\u0131m att\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 belirtmek gerekir. Ancak tan\u0131nm\u0131\u015f kabul edilen markalar\u0131n da 1997 y\u0131l\u0131nda oldu\u011fu gibi yay\u0131nlanmas\u0131 ve kamuoyunun bilgilendirilmesi \u00f6nemle gerekmektedir. Zira;
    \n-tan\u0131nm\u0131\u015f kabul edilen markalar, ba\u015fvuru sahipleri taraf\u0131ndan bilindi\u011fi takdirde, ba\u015fka mal ya da hizmetler i\u00e7in dahi gereksiz yere marka ba\u015fvurusunun yap\u0131lmamas\u0131 sa\u011flanabilir,
    \n-Enstit\u00fcn\u00fcn verdi\u011fi bu tan\u0131nm\u0131\u015fl\u0131k kararlar\u0131n\u0131n, ilan edilmedi\u011fi i\u00e7in, \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc \u015fah\u0131slar\u0131 ba\u011flamas\u0131 s\u00f6z konusu olamayaca\u011f\u0131ndan, itiraz ve Mahkeme yolu a\u00e7\u0131k oldu\u011funa g\u00f6re \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc ki\u015filerin bu yollar\u0131 kullanmalar\u0131 sa\u011flanabilir.<\/p>\n

    5. Tan\u0131nm\u0131\u015f Marka Olman\u0131n Genel Kriterleri ve Yap\u0131lmas\u0131 Gerekenler<\/h4>\n

    Yarg\u0131tay 11. Hukuk Dairesinin, 10\/03\/1998 tarih ve 1997\/5647-1998\/1704 say\u0131l\u0131 karar\u0131nda, m\u00fc\u015fteri, akraba, dost, d\u00fc\u015fman ay\u0131r\u0131m\u0131 yap\u0131lmadan co\u011frafi s\u0131n\u0131r, k\u00fclt\u00fcr, ya\u015f fark\u0131 g\u00f6zetilmeksizin ayn\u0131 \u00e7evredeki insanlar taraf\u0131ndan reflex halinde ortaya \u00e7\u0131kan bir \u00e7a\u011fr\u0131\u015f\u0131m olarak ifade edilen tan\u0131nm\u0131\u015f marka olabilmenin temel kriterleri,<\/p>\n

     <\/p>\n

    -marka an\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131nda, her zaman ve herkes taraf\u0131ndan belirli mal(lar)\/hizmet(ler)i \u00e7a\u011fr\u0131\u015ft\u0131rmas\u0131,
    \n-marka ile \u00e7a\u011fr\u0131\u015fan mal(lar)\/hizmet(ler)in (kaliteli-ucuz-s\u0131radan .. vs gibi) niteli\u011finin de ayn\u0131 anda an\u0131msanmas\u0131,
    \n-markan\u0131n taklitlerinin olmas\u0131 durumunda, haklar\u0131n korunmas\u0131 i\u00e7in her t\u00fcrl\u00fc hukuki i\u015flemlere konu edilmi\u015f olmas\u0131 ve bunun da en az\u0131ndan ilgili kesim taraf\u0131ndan bilinmesi,
    \n.<\/p>\n

    Tan\u0131nm\u0131\u015f marka olabilmek i\u00e7in;<\/p>\n

    -Markan\u0131n \u00f6ncelikle T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de ve mal\/hizmet sunulan ya da sunulma olas\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 olan \u00fclkelerde tescilli olmas\u0131,
    \n-De\u011fi\u015fik yollarla s\u00fcrekli ve yayg\u0131n reklam tan\u0131t\u0131m yap\u0131lmas\u0131,
    \n-Bas\u0131nda olumlu y\u00f6nlerde haberlere konu olmas\u0131,
    \n-S\u00fcrekli ayn\u0131 nitelikte mal\/hizmet sunulmas\u0131,
    \n-Yayg\u0131n pazarlama, da\u011f\u0131t\u0131m ve gerekiyorsa sevis a\u011f\u0131 olmas\u0131,
    \n-Benzer marka tescillerine ya da kullan\u0131mlar\u0131na kar\u015f\u0131 hukuki yollar\u0131n s\u00fcrekli kullan\u0131lmas\u0131,
    \ngerekmektedir.<\/p>\n

    6. Yarg\u0131tay Kararlar\u0131 I\u015f\u0131\u011f\u0131nda Tan\u0131nm\u0131\u015f Marka<\/h4>\n

    Yarg\u0131tay 11. Hukuk Dairesinin 10\/04\/1997 tarih ve 1997\/1920-2708 say\u0131l\u0131 karar\u0131nda, \u201cdavac\u0131n\u0131n markas\u0131n\u0131n .. gibi bir \u00e7ok \u00fclkede tescil ettirdi\u011fi, b\u00f6ylece d\u00fcnyada maruf ve me\u015fhur hale getirdi\u011finin kabul\u00fc gerekir. .. Davac\u0131 s\u00f6z konusu markay\u0131 daval\u0131dan \u00e7ok evvel d\u00fcnya \u00e7ap\u0131nda tan\u0131t\u0131p me\u015fhur hale getirdi\u011fini ileri s\u00fcrmesine, bu somut olayda markan\u0131n co\u011frafi s\u0131n\u0131rla ba\u011fl\u0131 olmamas\u0131na ve olayda Paris S\u00f6zle\u015fmesinin uygulanmas\u0131n\u0131n gerekmesine, marka tescilini yapt\u0131r\u0131rken basiretli i\u015fadam\u0131 \u00f6zeni g\u00f6stermek \u00f6devi ile y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fc bulunan daval\u0131n\u0131n ilgili \u00e7evrelerce tan\u0131nm\u0131\u015f, davac\u0131ya ait bilip bilmedi\u011finin \u00fczerinde durulmas\u0131na, davac\u0131 markas\u0131 ile daval\u0131 markas\u0131 aras\u0131nda iltibas bulunup bulunmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n de\u011ferlendirilmesine, b\u00f6ylece haks\u0131z rekabetin olu\u015fup olu\u015fmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n takdiri ile sonuca g\u00f6re karar verilmesi gerekti\u011fi\u201d d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcncesi ile akis y\u00f6ndeki yerel mahkeme karar\u0131n\u0131n bozulmas\u0131na karar vermi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n

    Yarg\u0131tay 11. Hukuk Dairesinin 25\/09\/2000 tarih ve 2000\/6139-7063 say\u0131l\u0131 karar\u0131nda, \u201cdavac\u0131n\u0131n markas\u0131 bir \u00e7ok \u00fclkede tescilli oldu\u011fu gibi, bir \u00e7ok \u00fclkede tescil ba\u015fvurusunun yap\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve tescil i\u015flemlerinin devam etti\u011fi, davac\u0131n\u0131n\u2026 i\u015faretinin marka oldu\u011fu sigaralar \u00fczerinde T\u00fcrkiye i\u00e7inde ve d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda bir \u00e7ok \u00fclkede sat\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131, \u2026 markas\u0131n\u0131n bir \u00e7ok \u00fclkede sigara d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda, \u00e7ok \u00e7e\u015fitli \u00fcr\u00fcnlerle ilgili tescil ba\u015fvurusunun yap\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131, ayr\u0131ca T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de 1994-1997 y\u0131llar\u0131 aras\u0131nda, \u2026 markal\u0131 sigaralarla ilgili T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de reklam ve promosyon \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131n\u0131n yap\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n anla\u015f\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve s\u00f6z konusu markan\u0131n tan\u0131nm\u0131\u015f marka oldu\u011funun saptand\u0131\u011f\u0131 gerek\u00e7esi ile\u201d davan\u0131n kabul\u00fcne karar vermi\u015f olan yerel mahkeme karar\u0131n\u0131 onam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n

    Yarg\u0131tay 11. Hukuk Dairesi, 02.03.1999 tarih ve 1999\/1154-1718 say\u0131l\u0131 karar\u0131nda, \u201cmarka sahibinin, markas\u0131n\u0131n \u00e7ok tan\u0131nm\u0131\u015f marka oldu\u011funun tespiti i\u00e7in dava a\u00e7makta hukuki yarar\u0131 bulundu\u011funun Dairemizce benimsenmi\u015f olmas\u0131 ve de b\u00f6yle bir davan\u0131n TC T\u00fcrk Patent Enstit\u00fcs\u00fcne y\u00f6neltilerek g\u00f6r\u00fclmesinin\u201d benimsendi\u011fi a\u00e7\u0131k\u00e7a yer almaktad\u0131r. Ancak daha sonra bu g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fc k\u0131smen de\u011fi\u015ftiren Daire, 24\/06\/2004 tarih ve 2003\/12431 E. ve 2004\/7020 say\u0131l\u0131 karar\u0131nda, \u201cuyu\u015fmazl\u0131k konusu olayda, markan\u0131n tan\u0131nm\u0131\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131na y\u00f6nelik dava, TPE do\u011frudan has\u0131m g\u00f6sterilerek a\u00e7\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Ancak, davac\u0131n\u0131n, daval\u0131 nezdinde tan\u0131nm\u0131\u015f marka tescil ba\u015fvurusu bulunmamaktad\u0131r. Ayr\u0131ca daval\u0131 kurumun davac\u0131ya ait markalar\u0131n tan\u0131nm\u0131\u015f olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131na y\u00f6nelik kesinle\u015fmi\u015f olumsuz y\u00f6nde nihai bir karar\u0131 da yoktur. \u2026 \u00d6te yandan tan\u0131nm\u0131\u015fl\u0131k talebi y\u00f6n\u00fcnden TPE ne ba\u015fvurmadan do\u011frudan tescil davas\u0131 yoluyla, bu sonuca ula\u015f\u0131lmak istenmesi markalar\u0131n tescil sistemine de uygun d\u00fc\u015fmemektedir. Markan\u0131n tan\u0131nm\u0131\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131 y\u00f6n\u00fcnden T\u00fcrk Patent Enstit\u00fcs\u00fcne ba\u015fvurulup, tescil prosed\u00fcr\u00fc tamamlanmadan, bu y\u00f6nde nihai bir karar olu\u015fmadan do\u011frudan a\u00e7\u0131lan tespit davas\u0131nda hukuki yarar yoktur. Bu durum kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda, mahkemece, a\u00e7\u0131klanan gerek\u00e7eler do\u011frultusunda davan\u0131n reddine karar verilmesi gerekirken yaz\u0131l\u0131 \u015fekilde h\u00fck\u00fcm tesisi do\u011fru g\u00f6r\u00fclmemi\u015ftir\u201d denilmek sureti ile yerel mahkemece verilen karar\u0131 bozmu\u015ftur. Daire, 04\/10\/2004 tarih ve 2004\/49-9168 say\u0131l\u0131 karar\u0131 ile de, ayn\u0131 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnce ile aksi y\u00f6ndeki yerel mahkeme karar\u0131n\u0131 bozmu\u015ftur.<\/p>\n

    Kaynaklar:<\/h4>\n

    -EYUBO\u011eLU Samiye, Tan\u0131nm\u0131\u015f Markalar, Ankara Barosu FMR Dergisi Y\u0131l:1, Cilt 1, Say\u0131:2 Sayfa: 109
    \n-WIPO; World Intellectual Property Organization \/ WKM \/ CM II ; ve 3 Say\u0131l\u0131 Dok\u00fcman\u0131
    \n-Yarg\u0131tay Kararlar\u0131<\/p>\n

     <\/p>\n

    Sunu\u015f, Av. Samiye Eyubo\u011flu, U\u011fur Yal\u00e7\u0131ner ve G\u00fclden Bal taraf\u0131ndan ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirilmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/section>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

    TANINMI\u015e MARKA KAVRAMI, T\u00dcRK\u0130YE\u2019DE VE YURTDI\u015eINDA TANINMI\u015e MARKA UYGULAMALARI Marka tescili, marka uygulamalar ve markan\u0131n tan\u0131nm\u0131\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u00f6nemli bir kavram olarak y\u0131llard\u0131r tart\u0131\u015f\u0131lmaktad\u0131r. Bug\u00fcn \u00fclkemizde y\u00fcr\u00fcrl\u00fckte olan ulusal ve uluslararas\u0131 mevzuat kapsam\u0131nda tan\u0131nm\u0131\u015f markalarla ilgili h\u00fck\u00fcmler s\u0131k\u00e7a tart\u0131\u015f\u0131lmaktad\u0131r. \u00d6zellikle Paris S\u00f6zle\u015fmesi ve bu S\u00f6zle\u015fme ile benimsenen h\u00fck\u00fcmleri yorumlay\u0131p geni\u015fleten D\u00fcnya Ticaret \u00d6rg\u00fct\u00fc (DT\u00d6) Kurulu\u015f Anla\u015fmas\u0131n\u0131n eki […]<\/p>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[1],"tags":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.eyuboglu.av.tr\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/386"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.eyuboglu.av.tr\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.eyuboglu.av.tr\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.eyuboglu.av.tr\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.eyuboglu.av.tr\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=386"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/www.eyuboglu.av.tr\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/386\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":753,"href":"https:\/\/www.eyuboglu.av.tr\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/386\/revisions\/753"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.eyuboglu.av.tr\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=386"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.eyuboglu.av.tr\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=386"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.eyuboglu.av.tr\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=386"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}